1485	Le Mort d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory is published. Malory is possibly a retainer of the earl of Warwick. It is possible that his abridged version of the French Arthurian romance was completed in prison.
	1494	The University of Aberdeen founded in Scotland.
	1499	The Bowge of Court by John Skelton, poet & translator, is published. It is an allegory of the court of Henry VII
	1501	Speculum Principis by John Skelton is a nonfiction moral treatise for Prince Henry
		The Palice of Honour by Scottish poet Gawin Douglas is published. He has taken holy orders and will become provost of Edinburgh"s St. Giles Cathedral
	1503	The Thissill and the Rois by Scottish poet William Dunbar is published. It is a political allegory to honor Margaret Tudor, whose marriage to Scotland's King James IV he helped negotiate.
		Canterbury Cathedral is completed after 436 years of construction.
	1506	The Dance of the Sevin Deidly Synnis by William Dunbar is published. It is a book of poetry.
	1509	Praise of Folly (Moriae Encomium) by Erasmus is published. It is a satire about male idiocy. He has been teaching at Cambridge University. He will remain their until 1514.
		The Shyp of Folys of the Worlde by poet Alexander Barclay is published. This work is an adaptation of the German satire Das Narrenschiff by Brant
	1510	The English morality play, Everyman is performed. It is an adaptation of the Dutch morality play Elckerlijk.
	1515	Education of a Christian Prince (Institutio Princip Christiani) by Erasmus is published
		Utopia by Sir Thomas More is published. It is a fictional account of an imaginary island governed entirely by reason and addresses and solves many of the social problems faced by England.
		Hampton Court Palace is completed by Cardinal Wolsey.
	1516	Magnyfycence by John Skelton, a morality play, is performed
	1518	Oxford physician-humanist Thomas Linacre founds a college of physicians with the approval of King Henry VIII
	1521	Assertion of the seven Sacraments by King Henry VIII is a reply to Martin Luther. Pope Leo X gives Henry the title of Defender of the Faith
	1522	Colin Clout and Why Come Ye Nat to Courte? poetry by John Skelton is published. They are satires against the rising power of Cardinal Wolsey
	1523	Painting - Erasmus by German Hans Holbein the younger is painted. [Included because of subject's and the painter's dealings with the court of Henry VIII]
	1526	Painting - Madonna of Burgomaster Meyer by Hans Holbein completed. Holbein visits Sir Thomas More in England with a letter of introduction from mutual friend Erasmus.
		The Tyndale Bible is published in secret at Worms. It is an English translation of the New Testament by William Tyndale. Tyndale had visited Martin Luther at Wittenberg. Tyndale fled after the dean of Frankfurt discovered printers at work on the Bible and had further printing stopped. The dean warned Henry VIII and Cardinal Wolsey and they had the ports watched for Tyndale's return. Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham buys up most of the copies on the Continent and has them burned, but some manage to be smuggled into England. Tyndale is condemned for heresy at Vilvorde Castle outside Brussels. He is strangled at the stake in 1536.
	1536	The Practyce of Prelates by William Tyndale is published in England. Tyndale lost favor with Henry VIII when he criticized the king's divorce from Katherine of Aragon.
	1538	Painting - Christina of Denmark by Hans Holbein
	1540	Painting -Henry VIII by Hans Holbein
	1543	Hans Holbein dies in England at age 45.
	1546	Oxford's Christ Church is founded in a reorganization of Cardinal College.
		The Proverbs of John Heywood is published. Some of the proverbs included are:
		No man ought to look a given horse in the mouth
		All is well that ends well
		A penny for your thoughts
		A man may well bring a horse to the water, but he cannot make him drink.
		Beggars shouldn't be choosers
		Better late than never
		Butter would not melt in her mouth
		The fat is in the fire
		Look before you leap
		Many hands make light work
		Love me, love my dog.
		It's an ill wind that blows no good
		Two heads are better than one
		When the iron is hot, strike
		When the sun shineth, make hay
		The tide tarrieth for no man
		Rome was not built in a day
		Out of the frying pan into the fire
		To tell tales out of school
	1547	The earl of Surrey, Henry Howard translated much of Virgil's Aeneid into English. He introduced blank verse form of five iambic feet and also introduced the sonnet form of three quatrains and a couplet copied from Italy into England. [See Duke of Norfolk Worship Page]
	1550	The Booke of Common Praier Noted by John Marbeck adapts the plain chant of earlier rituals to the liturgy of Edward VI
	1552	The sweate by physician John Kaye is a pamphlet describing a mysterious epidemic that may be a type of influenza
		Ralph Roister Doister by cleric-playwright Nicholas Udall is the earliest English comedy to survive its first year of performances. The play is modeled after a comedy by Plautus.
		Scotland's Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews is founded
		Covent Garden in London, which was confiscated along with other church properties in 1534, is granted to Sir John Russell, first earl of Bedford. It will remain in his family until 1914. In 1661 it started serving as London's produce and flower market.
	1555	A translation of Peter Martyr's Italian work Del Rebus Oceanicis et Novo Orbe by Richard Eden stimulates interest in America
	1556	Castle of Knowledge by mathematician Robert Records is a navigational guide for voyage to Cathay.He has taught at Oxford and Cambridge and has been a physician to both Edward VI and Mary I. He is the first to use the equals sign (=) to indicate equality.
		A book of motets by Dutch composer Roland de Lassus is published in Antwerp. It includes an adulatory to the new Archbishop of Canterbury, Reginald Pole.
	1557	Whetstone of Witte by Robert Recorde is dedicated to the Muscovy Co. which he serves as technical advisor on navigation.
		Songs and Sonettes Writen by the Ryght honorable Lorde Henry Howard Late Earle of Surrey is published
		Hundredth Good Pointes of Husbandry by Thomas Tusser is published. Included, among other rhymes are:
		The stone that is rolling can gather no moss:
		Who often removeth is sure of loss.
		and
		At Christmas play and make of good cheer;
		For Christmas comes but once a year.
	1558	Mathematician John Dee succeeds Robert Recorde as technical advisor to the Muscovy Co. He invents two compasses for master pilots.
		First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women by Scottish clergyman John Knox is published.
	1560	Gobuduc, or Ferrex and Porrex by playwrights Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville, first earl of Dorset and grand master of England's Freemasons is performed. It is the earliest known English tragedy.
	1565	Gammer Burton's Nedle by clergyman, teacher, playwright is performed at Christ's Church Cambridge. The play might have been a collaboration.
	1568	Abridgment of the Chronicles of England is published by Richard Grafton. He is the first to write:
		Thirty days hath September/April, June, and November; All the rest have thirty-one,/Excepting February alone,/And that has twenty-eight days clear/ And twenty-nine in each leap year.
	1570	The Schoolmaster by the late scholar Roger Ascham ,an essay about education, is published..
	1571	Harrow School is founded by charter. It will open to scholars in 1611.
	1573	Five hundred good points of Husbandry is poetry by farmer Thomas Tusser who uses rhyming verse and proverbs to advise fellow farmers.
	1575	OrganistsThomas Tallis and William Byrd receive a 21 year license from Queen Elizabeth to print and sell music and music paper. They issue Cantiones Quae Ab Arguments Sacrae Vocantur, Quinque Et Sex Partium which contains music which will be given English translations and sung for centuries as Anglican Hymns.
		England's first playhouse opens at Shoreditch under the direction of actor-manager James Brubage who was one of the earl of Leicester's players.
	1578	Chronicles of English History to 1575 by historian Raphael Holinshed continues work begun by Reginald Wolfe. These chronicles are the source of plot material for historical dramas.
		Euphues, The anatomy of Wit by John Lyle, a work of fiction is published.
	1579	De Juri Begni apud Scotos by Scottish humanist George Buchanan is published. It is intended as instruction for his pupil King James VI. The work justifies tyrannized and states that the obligation of subjects to their king is conditioned on the performance of that king in the duties of his office.
		Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans by Greek biographer Plutarch is translated into English by Sir Thomas North. North's work will influence Elizabethan poets and provide material for playwrights.
		The Shepheardes Calendar by poet Edmund Spenser is published with a dedication to Philip Sidney, nephew to the earl of Leicester. Spencer previously secured a place in Leicester's household.
	1580	Euphues and His England, fiction by John Lyle continues his book of 1578. He dedicates it to his patron, the earl of Oxford. It's intent is to reform education and manners.
	1581	The Newe Attractive by compass maker Robert Norman is published. It is a pamphlet describing Norman's discovery of the dip in the magnetic needle.
	1582	Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America by Oxford Clergyman-Geographer Richard Hakluyt is published.
		The University of Edinburgh is founded
	1587	An Epistle of Comfort to the Reverend Priests by English Jesuit Robert Southwell is an encouragement to English Catholics including Philip Howard, earl of Arundel
		Tamburlaine the Great by Playwright-poet Christopher Marlowe is performed in London
	1588	A Briefe And True Report of the New Found Land in Virginia is published by Thomas Hariot. It is based on his visit to Sir Walter Raleigh's Roanoke colony.
		The Tragedy of Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe is performed in London.
	1589	The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta by Christopher Marlowe is performed
	1590	The Faerie Queene, poetry by Edmund Spenser is published
		King Henry VI, by William Shakespeare of Stratford-upon-Avon. He was 26, married to Anne Hathaway in 1582 and will move to London in 1592
		Dates of all Shakespeare's plays are approximate only
	1591	Trinity College of Dublin is founded by Queen Elizabeth
		The Harmony of the Church by poet Michael Drayton is published.
		The Comedy of Errors by William Shakespeare is based on Plautus comedy The Menaechmi.
	1592	Two Gentleman of Verona by William Shakespeare
		Titus Andronicus by William Shakespeare
		King Richard III by William Shakespeare
	1593	Venus and Adonis by William Shakespeare, poetry
		Christopher Marlowe is killed in a tavern brawl
		The Massacre of Paris by Christopher Marlowe is performed in London
		The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward II by Christopher Marlowe is performed in London
	1594	The Unfortunate Traveller, or The Life of Jack Wilton, Fiction by Thomas Nashe, pioneer of the adventure novel is published.
		The Rape of Lucrecie, poetry by William Shakespeare
		Mother Bombie, a play by John Lyle is performed
		Dido, Queen of Carthage by Christopher Marlowe is performed. This work was completed by Thomas Nashe.
		King John by William Shakespeare
		Love's Labor's Lost by William Shakespeare
	1595	Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
		Richard II by William Shakespeare
		A Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare
	1596	The Triumphs over Death by the late Robert Southwell is published.
		Metamorphosis of Ajax by poet Sir John Harington is published. He is banished from court for his satire.
		The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare
		The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare
		The Blind Beggar of Alexandria by playwright George Chapman opens in London
		Blackfrier's Theater is open in London
	1597	Essays byFrancis Bacon, Barrister-scientist is published
		Herball by botanist John Gerard who is superintendent of the gardens of William Cecil, first Baron Burghley, and lord treasurer of England is published. It's really a translation of Cruydelboke by Rembert Dodoens. Gerard copied most of Dodoens's illustrations as well
		King Henry IV, Part I, by William Shakespeare
	1598	Every Man in His Humour by playwright and poet Ben Johnson is shown in London. Among the cast members is William Shakespeare
		King Henry IV Part II by William Shakespeare.
	1599	Much Ado about Nothing by William Shakespeare.
		The Life of King Henry the Fifth by William Shakespeare
		The Globe Theater is opened as a summer playhouse in London by William Shakespeare and some partners.
	1600	De Magnete, Magneticisique Corporibus by physicist-physician William Gilbert is a pioneer work on electricity. It introduces terms like "electric attraction, electric force, magnetic pole"
		The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd, poetry by Sir Walter Raleigh is published
		The Shoemaker's Holiday, or The Gentle Craft a play by Thomas Dekker
		As You Like It by William Shakespeare
		The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare.
		Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare
	1601	Twelfth Night, or What You Will by William Shakespeare
		Blurt, Master Constable by Thomas Midleton
	1602	All's Well That Ends Well by William Shakespeare
		Troilus and Cressida by William Shakespeare
		Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare
	1603	Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare
	March 24, 1603	Queen Elizabeth I dies at the age of 69 ending the Tudor Monarchy
	Read More About It
		Trager, James; The People's Chronology; Henry Holt and Co. Inc.; 1992.
		Mallin, Eric, Inscribing the Time, Shakespeare and the End of Elizabethean England, University of California Press, 1995
		Hill, Chrsitopher; A Nation of Change and Novelty - Radical Politics, Religion, and Literature in 17th Century England; Routledge, London, 1991
		Abrams, M.H., ed: The Norton Anthology of English Literature - Major Authors; W.W. Norton and Co., 1996
		Evett, David; Literature and The Visual Arts in Tudor England; University of Georgia Press, 1990